ADVANCED IN LAB OR ONLINE PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION USING DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS AND ADVANCED SAMPLE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Recent advances in digital imaging have paved the way for advanced, and even automatic particle characterization analysis, in liquids, suspensions and solids. After decades of research and development, a team of multi disciplinary engineers and scientists, in Belgium and France, in conjunction with The University De Liege, have uncovered solutions to virtually every aspect of particle characteristic analysis.
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EQUIPMENT FOR QUALITY CONTROL AND R&D APPLICATIONS
The Occhio Zephyr, utilizes a combination of mechanical, and gravity (ZEPHYR ESR), or an additional vacuum dispersion system (ZEPHYR), in conjunction with a telecentric lens, and proprietary monochromatic collimated backlight, to eliminate diffraction, and increase particle definition.
The Occhio FC200, uses a syringe pump (FC200S), or membrane pump (FC200M), in conjunction with a magnetic stirrer (for slurries and suspensions), to move the liquid through the specially engineered glass slide (FLOWCELL).
Special lighting and optics provide extremely robust particle definitions, with a long list of available size and shape parameters.
Fig 1. FC 200M- A special membrane pump designed to avoid particle breakage, draws the sample from a beaker equipped with a magnetic stirrer to keep the particles in suspension. The flow rate and sample size can be adjusted.
SIZE PARAMETERS
INNER DIAMETER- The diameter of the maximum inscribed circle.
(maximum circle lying completely inside the particle)
AREA DIAMETER- (ED or EQUIVELANT DISC DIAMETER) diameter
of a circle having the same diameter as the particle.
WIDTH- Defined as the projection of the particle on the inertia elipse minor axis. These are Feret Diameters in the direction of the inertial elipse axes.
LENGTH- Defined as the projection of the particle on the inertia elipse major axis. These are Feret Diameters in the direction of the inertial elipse axes.
SHAPE PARAMETERS
LUMINANCE- The mean greyscale level of the particle. Value '0' corresponds to a black particle. As the value increases the particle becomes more clear.
BLUNTNESS INDEX- The expression of a,"maturity in the abrasion process", or how far we are from a perfectly rounded shape. Although it expresses the total amount of rough features, it does not give information as to the shape of the asperities. In other words, it does not give any indication as to the speed at which the rough features would wear off in an abrasion process. Bluntness is based on a very accurate measure of local curvature, and takes in to account the fact that very acute asperities wear off almost instantaneously, as compared to blunt ones.
ROUGHNESS INDEX- Defined as the amount of material to be removed from the shape before getting a smooth surface.Smoothness is gauged by a smooth reference set, which is the set of all inscribed discs having a diameter equal or greater
than 80% of the sieving diameter.
ELONGATION- Defined as (1-ASPECT RATIO) ,where the aspect ratio is the ratio between the width and length of the particle.
El = 1-(Width/Length)
CIRCULARITY- The ratio between the equivalent disc perimeter, and the particle perimeter. Values are in the range (0,1)
SOLIDITY- Object area divided by the area enclosed by the convex hull. The covex hull can be imagined as the border created by a rubber band wrapped around the object. The convexity lies in the range [0.0,1.0]. A convex shape has convexity 1.0, while a concave shape, has a lower value, closer to 0.
The flow cell, (left) is a specially engineered dual plane glass slide. In the available video presentation, the monochromatic backlight can be seen flashing while the camera takes the picture.The Occhio Flowcell is half the width of other systems, and along with advanced optics, provides greater definition.
This allows for the detection of particles normally invisible under a microscope, as well as the ability to analyze any number of size and shape parameters for particle characterization.
PARTICLE COUNTING AS WELL AS A VARIETY OF SIZE AND SHAPE PARAMETERS MAY BE AUTOMATICALLY ANALYZED
For powders and small particle counting and analysis, including pharmaceuticals, the Nano 500 uses a patented vacuum dispersion system, to place the powder in tact, on the glass slide surface.
particles in suspension ranging in size from 200 nanometers and above, a newly developed syringe pump is utilized. This application was first developed to help provide solutions to some of the problems encountered using existing technologies, in the analysis of protein aggregates. Occhio had become an industry leader in this field.
Occhio particle size and shape analyzers, are the collaboration of many years of focused research in the fields of optics, lighting, and digital imaging. Using a collimated (parallel beam), variable, monochromatic backlight, in conjunction with a high speed telecentric lens camera, and sophisticated software, extremely robust particle definitions are made possible.
The collimated backlight acts like a caliper.
Besides providing detailed size and shape information, these high speed systems can be formatted for inline , real time applications. In this video, coffee grinds are analyzed in real time.
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